The following information and opinions are provided courtesy of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
Transfer on death (TOD) and payable on death (POD) designations can be useful methods of transferring assets to heirs when used in conjunction with a well-thought-out estate plan.
Reviewing the asset titling and designated beneficiaries of accounts is a sound practice at the time an estate plan is updated. Otherwise, a disconnection may happen between how assets are designated and the objectives of the intended plan based on unforeseen events and circumstances.
There are various components to the titling of assets: One is using a transfer on death (TOD) designation, generally used for investment accounts, or a payable on death (POD) designation, used for bank accounts, which act as beneficiary designations, stating to whom account assets are to pass when the owner dies. Similar to designating beneficiaries on retirement accounts [individual retirement accounts (IRAs) and 401(k)s] and insurance policies, accounts with TOD and POD designations are not subject to the probate process.
TOD and POD rules vary by state. Depending on where you reside, you may need to consider the following. Please check your state law’s rules.
In a large estate (above the federal estate tax exemption amount), the tax impacts can be of concern. There may be provisions in estate documents to divide an estate by funding credit shelter trusts, marital trusts, and/or generation-skipping trusts; passing assets outright to beneficiaries via TOD/POD may mean that these tax-planning strategies are not utilized to their full potential, resulting in an inefficient use of exemptions and possible loss of creditor protection. Even with modest estates, plans may include the ability to disclaim assets for added flexibility and the opportunity to implement a proper post-mortem plan. However, if the accounts pass outright through a TOD/POD provision and the heir receives benefits from the assets, the ability to properly disclaim may be lost.
If you have an unexpected illness or disability and you need to access the TOD/POD account funds to cover medical bills, you may inadvertently diminish the amount those heirs were to receive or disinherit a beneficiary by exhausting the funds. Unknowingly causing some heirs to receive a greater portion of your wealth than others can add undue stress and discord to family relationships.
At some point in the future, you may think differently about how you would like to make gifts to your heirs and philanthropic causes. When your goals and interests evolve, it is important to update your estate plan. Periodically reviewing the titling of your assets, including TOD/POD beneficiary designations, alongside your estate plan is a recommended best practice. Work with your advisors and tax and legal professionals to consider your estate plan when opening new accounts or acquiring, divesting, or gifting assets. This may present opportunities to avoid potential unwelcome surprises and impacts.
“Deposit Insurance at a Glance,” FDIC, 2014 https://www.fdic.gov/resources/deposit-insurance/brochures/documents/deposit-insurance-at-a-glance-english.pdf
Internal Revenue Code §2010, Internal Revenue Code §2056; Internal Revenue Code § 2632; Internal Revenue Code §2518
Wells Fargo and Company and its Affiliates do not provide tax or legal advice. This communication cannot be relied upon to avoid tax penalties. Please consult your tax and legal advisors to determine how this information may apply to your own situation. Whether any planned tax result is realized by you depends on the specific facts of your own situation at the time your tax return is filed.
Wells Fargo Wealth & Investment Management (WIM) is a division within Wells Fargo & Company. WIM provides financial products and services through various bank and brokerage affiliates of Wells Fargo & Company. Bank products and services are available through Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Member FDIC.
CAR-0623-02372
LRC-0623